Submissions

Author Guidelines

Follow the rules below in detail, check a recent article published at Heringeriana and make sure that your manuscript was written according to the style and journal formatting. When submitting your manuscript, the reviewing process will be faster if you indicate the names of three or more potential reviewers along with their email addresses. 

1. Manuscript submission

Manuscripts should be submitted online, through the SEER system (check Manuscript Submission). In case of system problems of inoperability, manuscripts can be sent to heringeriana@gmail.com 

2. Publication types

• Original articles: documents with four or more pages that report original research
• Review articles: summarize the current state of understanding on a topic, and analyze or discuss previously published research by others, rather than reporting new experimental results.
• Taxonomic monographs and commented check-lists: documents with 30 or more pagers, that will be published individually and will receive unique ISBN numbers. 
• Correspondences:
• current opinions on subjects of interest for research in biodiversity
• commentaries or corrections in previously published work, both in Heringeriana or other journals.
• obituaries of researchers within the scope of this journal.
• scientific notes.
• books reviews with the purpose to present readers noteworthy or new material within the biodiversity area. The review can be prepared either by the editors or invited colleagues. 

2.1. Original articles

The submitted manuscripts should have up to 7000 words. Above this number, manuscripts can still be considered for publication as only paper in a supplementary edition. In such cases, the author must contact the editorial body before the submission to consult the journal availability in receiving the referred manuscript. 

Formatting

The manuscript should be saved as .docx, .doc (Microsoft Word), or RTF (Rich Text Formats) extensions. Pages should be A4 size (210 x 297mm), fonts Cambria, 12, with space between lines of 1,5cm, margins of 1,5cm, and as few formatting as possible (bold and italic should be used when necessary, as well as paragraphs indents. Special symbols may be used, but should be checked by authors during proof-reading due to eventual mistakes caused by files incompatibility. 

Manuscripts should be structured with the following items: Title, abstract, key-words, title (in Portuguese) abstract (in Portuguese) key-words (in Portuguese), introduction, methodology, results, discussion, conclusion, acknowledgments and references. 

The first page should have a running title, with a maximum of 40 characters, whole title (in English and Portuguese), authors followed by superscript numbers indicating author's ORCID, institutions and addresses, and corresponding author e-mail. The title should be concise and objective, showing the general idea of the work and should not have species authors names. The abstract should have a maximum of 250 words, and should not have species authors names as well. Up to five key-words should be presented, in alphabetical order, different from the ones in title.  

2.2. Monographs and commented checklists

Manuscripts submitted as monographs and commented checklists should follow the same formatting as original articles. A different section structure (introduction, methodology, results, etc), can be authorized, but in such cases the editor must be consulted beforehand. 

2.3. Correspondences

These short contributions should have a maximum of 20 references (exceptions can be considered) and no longer than four pages. Neither an abstract or key-words are needed. Section titles should not be used. A typical correspondence should have a short and concise title, authors name and affiliation, address, email, a series of paragraphs as the main text and a short list of references if needed. The first and last paragraphs can be just small resumes. 

Commentaries on published articles should focus on academic interchange of different visions or data interpretation and should never include personal attacks. Commented articles authors will be invited to answer the commentaries. 

2.4. Special issues:

Heringeriana published special editions with selected articles in a theme area. Articles submitted to the special edition should follow the journal's rules, scope and formatting, and peer review will be the responsibility of the guest editor. 

3. Supplements and Digital Appendices

Access to data resulting from research is of great use to the scientific community and government decision-makers. We encourage the sharing of databases, raw field data, spreadsheets, data matrices used in analysis, scripts, photographic collections and maps in Shapefile, KML or Rasterfiles formats made available as digital supplements in scientific repositories. The repository provides a DOI number that must be made available by the author to the journal in order to be incorporated into the article. We recommend the Figshare repository (https://figshare.com), as it is free.

4. General rules

Language: the manuscript should be written in Portuguese, English or Spanish. We encourage the submission of manuscripts written in English as it increases the publication visibility and reach. An article can be returned to the author without review if the chosen language is not written properly. The author is also responsible for the correct use of other languages, being a latim diagnosis or an abstract in a foreing language. Grammar should be verified by authors before submission, and after reviewing if changes in text were needed. 

Taxa names: taxa names are written in italic. Check trustworthy databases for a correct scientific name spelling. In taxonomic works, the current versions of ICBN (International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, SHENZHEN 2018) and INCZ (International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, 4th edicion, 1999), should be followed. 

All taxa to the level of genus and bellow should be cited in text and a reference should be included when first cited. This should be followed for all taxonomic articles, and articles with less than 30 taxa mentioned. Articles with a higher number of species (such as ecological, phylogenetic or checklists) should not follow this rule due to the high number of references that would be needed. Heringeriana follows the trend of encouraging the citation of taxonomic works, with the inclusion of all taxonomic sources cited in the manuscript references. 

Abbreviations of author plant species should be done strictly according to IPNI rules.

Symbols and abbreviations

The correct use of symbols and abbreviations contributes to the editing process. Editors can return a manuscript to the author if symbols are not used properly. 

Use abbreviations to metric units from Système International d'Unités (SI), and chemical symbols currently accepted. All other abbreviations should be avoided, but can be used if its meaning is explained the first time it is shown in text. 

Use abbreviations for Système International d’Unités (SI) metric units and widely accepted chemical symbols. Other abbreviations must be avoided, but they can be used, and must be preceded by their meaning in full in the first mention. Note the use of upper and lower case letters (eg km, m, cm, µm, MB, ºC).

The abbreviations for certain words are standardized: m = meter, cm = centimeter, DBH = diameter at breast height, alt. = altitude, sp. nov. = new species, comb. nov. = new combination, subsp. = subspecies, etc. Herbarium acronym should follow the Index Herbariorum (http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/).

Hyphens '-' are used to link compound words, according to the rules of the language being used. Note that, in Portuguese, hyphens are used in all compound words that designate botanical and zoological species, linked or not by a preposition or any other element. (examples: angico-vermelho, cajuzinho-do-cerrado, jaracara-pintada, veado-campeiro, etc.).

The half-dash or half-stripe "–" should be used for breaks or extensions. Number ranges, most often size ranges, elevation ranges, dates and page numbers (for example, 500–1000 m, May 1–3, 1976–1977, figures 5–7). Also remember to apply them in the reference section for ranges of volumes, years and pages.

The dash "—" is used infrequently; they are used for breaks in the text and before the country, in the examined material, for example:

“Type: —BRAZIL. Distrito Federal: Brasília, Jardim Botânico de Brasília, next to the main entrance, 15º52’S, 47º51’W, 950–1000 m, 1 January 2002, V.F. Paiva et al. 100 (holotype HEPH !, isotypes RB !, SPF, NY !, P!). ”

The exclamation point '!' it is used after the acronym of herbarium to indicate that this specimen was seen by the author (see above).

The multiplication sign '×' should not be confused with the letter x. It should always be used in hybrid taxa (for example, Catasetum x crassispinum U.L.C.Ferreira) and in length and width measurements, for example: “leaves 1.0–4.2 × 0.4–0.8 cm”.

Italic: Generic names and all classifications below must be in italics. The titles of books and magazines are also in italics, diagnosis and Latin words (such as et al., apud, in vitro, in loco, sp. nov., comb. nov., nom. illeg.) as well as other words and expressions in another language in relation to the manuscript text. They are not in italics: names above gender (family, order, etc.), “cf.”, “spp.”, "subsp.", "ser.", "var.", "cv." and "f."

Deposition of GenBank samples and number

Authors of new taxa are required to deposit specimens of the type in national or international museums or public collections, preferably those listed in the Index Herbariorum (for plant samples) which are provided with the corresponding acronym.

Authors are also advised to request registration numbers for strings deposited with GenBank before submitting articles to avoid delays in publication. For fungi, it is necessary to provide MycoBank numbers.

Whenever possible, for all types of biodiversity studies, and always for plant studies, authors should deposit samples (vouchers) in museums or national or international public collections. Authors are also advised to request registration numbers of the deposited material before submitting their work, to avoid delays in publication.

Plant taxonomy

Taxonomic treatments must begin with each taxon in bold and italics. Abbreviations for authors of new species must be provided (following the IPNI, without bold), and these must be followed by the correct taxonomic category (in italics, without bold, for example, sp. Nov., Comb. Nov., Nom. Nov. , etc.). For taxa already described, the original reference should be provided.

New taxa description should follow the rules and recommendations of ICNapf. Every new taxa must have a specimen designated as its type and the holotype must have been studied by the author of the species. It is recommended that, when possible, the holotype be deposited in the country of origin and that two isotypes be deposited in the main herbaria in the world, where the specimens will be available for public study.

Morphological descriptions should be organized describing the plants from the bottom up and from the outside to the inside. Subsections of descriptions can be highlighted using italics. Additional data (for example, distribution, ecology, etymology, conservation status, etc.) should be included, whenever possible. These items are subtitled by “–” (half-stripe).

The specimens (material examined) are cited as follows:

COUNTRY. State: municipality, locality, coordinates, altitude, date (day month (complete) year), collector and number (acronym of the herbarium in capital letters). The herbarium or barcode (preferably) numbers should be informed. All samples studied must be cited. Lectotypes, neotypes and epitypes must always be followed by the reference where they are designated, for example:

Lectotype (designated by Harley 2000 / designated here): –BRASIL. Distrito Federal: Brasília, Ecological Station of the Jardim Botânico de Brasília, -15.8775 S, -47.865556 W, 1113 m, 28 May 2019, J.E.Q. Faria 9211 (HEPH 35702!).

Identification keys

Identification keys can be dichotomous or interactive. In dichotomous keys, the characters should have a meaning opposite to the other so that the species can be easily distinguished. Do not format the key, provide in the following simple layout:

1. Verticillate leaves, linear-lanceolate to linear ... Stenandrium stenophyllum

1. Opposite leaves, wide to narrowly oval ... 2

2. Congested, hardened leaves, with strongly unruly margins (Fig. 1C) ... Stenandrium diamantinense

2. Non-congested leaves, cardiac to leathery, with flat to almost flat margins ... 3

We encourage the inclusion of interactive keys, but these will only be accepted if they are freely accessible. The key construction methodology should be included in the text. The key must be deposited with a secure hosting site and the access link must be included in the text.

References

All literature cited in the text (including full articles by the taxa authors) must be included in alphabetical and chronological order when the first author is repeated. Check this carefully before sending, as errors in this section are very common and delay publications. To avoid mistakes and facilitate this process, we recommend using the style of the Phytotaxa journal, available at Mendeley, as it is the same standard.

References should be cited in the text as Darwin (1859), Souza & Lorenzi (2019) or Barroso et al. (1999), the latter when there are three or more authors. Citations in parentheses with two or more references should be presented in chronological order (Darwin 1859, Barroso et al. 1999, Jones 2001, Souza & Lorenzi 2019). Citation of floras, reviews and monographs used to identify the collections on which the study is based is strongly encouraged.

Include the DOI number for articles whenever possible. This makes it easier to link to articles that have online versions.

Journal article: Author, A. & Author, B.C. (YEAR) Title of the work. Title of the journal in full italics, volume x – y. For example:

Antonelli, A., Ariza, M., Albert J., Andermann, T., Azevedo, J., Bacon, C., Faurby, S., Guedes, T., Hoorn, C., Lohmann, L.G., Matos-Maraví, P., Ritter, C.D., Sanmartín, I., Silvestro, D., Tejedor, M., ter Steege, H., Tuomisto, H., Werneck, F.P., Zizka, A. & Edwards, S.V. (2018) Conceptual and empirical advances in Neotropical biodiversity research. PeerJ 6: e5644 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5644

Book chapter: Author, A. & Author, B.C. (YEAR) Chapter title. In: Author, A., Author, B.C. & Author, D. (Eds.) Title of the book in italics. Name of publisher, City, pp. x – y. For example:

Begon, M., Townsend, C.R. & Harper, J.L. (2006) Life, death and life histories.  In: Begon, M., Townsend, C.R. & Harper, J.L. (Eds.) Ecology: from individuals to ecosystems. Fourth Edition. Blackwell Publishing, Malden, pp. 89–131.

Book: Autor, A. & Autor, B.C. (YEAR) Book title in italic. Name of publisher, city, xyz pp. For example:

Barroso, G.M., Morim, M.P., Peixoto, A.L. & Ichaso, C.L.F. (1999) Frutos e sementes: morfologia aplicada à sistemática de dicotiledôneas. UFV, Viçosa, 443 pp.

Internet source: Author, A. (Year) website title, database or other sources in italic, version, Name and city of the publisher (if available), number of pages (if available). Available at: http://xxx.xxx.xxx/ (Access date). For example:

IUCN. (2010) The IUCN red list of threatened species, version 2010.4. IUCN Red List Unit, Cambridge U.K. Available from: http://www.iucnredlist.org/ (accessed: 26 June 2020).

Dissertations resulting from postgraduate studies and non-serial annals of congresses, conferences or symposia should be treated as books and cited as such.

Figures and Tables

All figures and tables must be mentioned in the text. Figures and tables must be sent in separate files from the manuscript and the legends of the figures and tables must be listed after the list of references, in the same file as the manuscript. Captions for tables and figures must begin with "Table" or "Figure", followed by their number and a period, in bold. Credits for illustrators and photographers must be provided in the figure caption, as well as in the acknowledgments.

Example:

Figure 1. Types of habits in Stenandrium. A. Branched stem. B. Prostrate stem. C. Unbranched stem. D. Acaulescent.

When preparing images, authors should keep in mind that the journal has a size of 25 cm by 17 cm and is printed on A4 paper.

All images and illustrations must be saved as TIFF files. In some cases, PDF files are acceptable, .jpg should be avoided. The final resolution required is 300 dpi for color images (RGB), 300–600 dpi for black and white images and 600–1200 dpi for illustrations, maps and graphics (bitmap). Sufficient resolution must be provided by the authors, it is not the journal's responsibility. Low resolution figures can only be printed in small sizes.

For new species images, illustrations are preferred, although good quality photographs are also acceptable. The illustrations must be scanned from 600 to 1200 dpi as line art (bitmap, = 1 bit); they must NOT be scanned as 8-bit or color images. Do not scan illustrations as JPG files, as this creates blurry or pixelated images.

Tables must be provided at the end of the manuscript. Please use the table function in your word processor to create tables so that the cells, rows and columns remain aligned when the font size and table width are changed. Do not use the tab key or the space bar to type tables as this will interfere with the process of editing articles.

5. Plagiarism and self-plagiarism

Plagiarism

Heringeriana adopts Copy Spider, a free software that detects the percentage of similarity of content of submitted manuscripts with other articles, books and online documents.

Self-plagiarism

Regarding self-plagiarism, the Journal adopts the guidelines of Miguel Roig (2002, 2005, 2010, apud SciELO), which indicates that the author must establish a minimum of innovation for a paper in relation to previous works, and therefore self-plagiarism should not exceed 20 or 30% of the new work. In addition, the author must indicate in the manuscript whether the data, reviews, and conclusions have already been published in another article or conference presentation, thesis, or over the Internet, and explain the nature of previous disclosure.

6. Acknowledgments

The format of the Acknowledgments is variable and anyone can be thanked for their contribution. We recommend that you consider the co-authorship of the people who contributed to the study in an important way, especially those who contribute with samples, laboratory and field work.

7. Useful links

• Botanicus: http://www.botanicus.org/
• Gallica: http://www.gallica.fr/
• Biodiversity heritage library: http://biodiversitylibrary.org
• Genbank: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/
• Index fungorum: http://www.indexfungorum.org/Names/Names.asp
• MycoBank: http://www.mycobank.org/
• Index herbariorum: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/
• International code of nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen code, 2018): https://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main.php
• International plant name index: http://www.ipni.org/
• Tropicos: http://www.tropicos.org/
• World checklist of selected plant families: http://apps.kew.org/wcsp
• Jstor Plants science: http://plants.jstor.org
• The Plant List: http://www.theplantlist.org
• International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (4th edition 1999): http://www.iczn.org/iczn/index.jsp
• Nomenclator Zoologicus: http://uio.mbl.edu/NomenclatorZoologicus/
• ZooBank: http://www.zoobank.org/

8. Copyright and Licensing

When submitting, the authors declare that they have not submitted the work to another journal and agree to have their article published under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International BY (CC BY 4.0) license. The authors retain the copyright and full publishing rights without restrictions. The scientific, orthographic and grammatical content is the sole responsibility of the authors. Plagiarism and self-plagiarism guidelines are specified in the topic "Plagiarism and self-plagiarism" in the Guidelines for Authors.